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Production method of spring steel wire
2022/12/7
Production method of spring steel wire
Different types of spring steel wire have different production methods, and the common feature is that they all need certain strength, high toughness and good coil spring performance.
The common manufacturing methods of various spring steel wires are as follows:Wire rod (steel)-surface treatment-wire drawing (this method can be used for mattress steel wire)
Lead quenching spring steel wire: lead bath quenching is carried out in the wire rod size or the middle specification of cold drawing, and then surface treatment and wire drawing are carried out.
Galvanized spring steel wire: it is usually hot-plated or electroplated in the finished product size, and it is also cold-drawn to the specified size after hot-plating with wire rod pickling.
Oil-quenched spring steel wire: carbon steel or alloy steel can be used as required, and then quenched and tempered after surface treatment and cold drawing to the finished size. This process is widely used in steel wires for automobile suspension springs，and valve springs, and ordinary springs can also be used.
surface treatment
Generally, pickling and phosphating are used to remove the scale and form a phosphating film; There are also a few mechanical methods. The purpose is to meet the requirements of cold drawing process and obtain a smooth surface. For the spring steelwire that requires high fatigue life, such as valve spring steel wire, the wire rod should be skinned to reduce surface defects. If the steel mill can grind the billet, it will also be beneficial to reduce defects.
draw wire
The drawing process of the finished product has a great influence on the product performance. Generally, a large total area reduction rate (see area reduction rate) of about 90% and a small area reduction rate (about 10%-20%) are adopted to ensure the toughness of the product. For high-strength spring steel wire, the outlet temperatureof each pass should be controlled below 150℃ during drawing, so as to prevent the steel wire from torsion crack due to strain aging, which is the main defect that causes the steel wire to be scrapped. Therefore, there must be good lubrication and sufficient cooling when drawing, and adopting a smaller pass reduction rate and drawing speed is helpful to reduce the temperature rise of steel wire.
heat treatment
Lead bath quenching process is commonly used for carbon steel spring steel wire, which can obtain very fine pearlite structure (sorbite), which is beneficial to improve deep drawing performance and spring performance. Fluidized bed, an alternative process of lead bath, has not been popularized, and is only applied to some small diameters. Generally, alloy steel wire is annealed to make its microstructure adapt to drawingdeformation. The heat treatment of stainless steel wire adopts solution treatment, and its purpose is also to improve the structure to meet the needs of drawing. The oil quenching process is used on the finished steel wire. The steel wire is heated to the austenitizing temperature for a period of time by induction heating or gas or oil heating furnace, and then tempered at a medium temperature after quenching. Although nominally called oil quenching, water quenching or water quenching with polymer materials is basically adopted [2].
Different types of spring steel wire have different production methods, and the common feature is that they all need certain strength, high toughness and good coil spring performance.
The common manufacturing methods of various spring steel wires are as follows:Wire rod (steel)-surface treatment-wire drawing (this method can be used for mattress steel wire)
Lead quenching spring steel wire: lead bath quenching is carried out in the wire rod size or the middle specification of cold drawing, and then surface treatment and wire drawing are carried out.
Galvanized spring steel wire: it is usually hot-plated or electroplated in the finished product size, and it is also cold-drawn to the specified size after hot-plating with wire rod pickling.
Oil-quenched spring steel wire: carbon steel or alloy steel can be used as required, and then quenched and tempered after surface treatment and cold drawing to the finished size. This process is widely used in steel wires for automobile suspension springs，and valve springs, and ordinary springs can also be used.
surface treatment
Generally, pickling and phosphating are used to remove the scale and form a phosphating film; There are also a few mechanical methods. The purpose is to meet the requirements of cold drawing process and obtain a smooth surface. For the spring steelwire that requires high fatigue life, such as valve spring steel wire, the wire rod should be skinned to reduce surface defects. If the steel mill can grind the billet, it will also be beneficial to reduce defects.
draw wire
The drawing process of the finished product has a great influence on the product performance. Generally, a large total area reduction rate (see area reduction rate) of about 90% and a small area reduction rate (about 10%-20%) are adopted to ensure the toughness of the product. For high-strength spring steel wire, the outlet temperatureof each pass should be controlled below 150℃ during drawing, so as to prevent the steel wire from torsion crack due to strain aging, which is the main defect that causes the steel wire to be scrapped. Therefore, there must be good lubrication and sufficient cooling when drawing, and adopting a smaller pass reduction rate and drawing speed is helpful to reduce the temperature rise of steel wire.
heat treatment
Lead bath quenching process is commonly used for carbon steel spring steel wire, which can obtain very fine pearlite structure (sorbite), which is beneficial to improve deep drawing performance and spring performance. Fluidized bed, an alternative process of lead bath, has not been popularized, and is only applied to some small diameters. Generally, alloy steel wire is annealed to make its microstructure adapt to drawingdeformation. The heat treatment of stainless steel wire adopts solution treatment, and its purpose is also to improve the structure to meet the needs of drawing. The oil quenching process is used on the finished steel wire. The steel wire is heated to the austenitizing temperature for a period of time by induction heating or gas or oil heating furnace, and then tempered at a medium temperature after quenching. Although nominally called oil quenching, water quenching or water quenching with polymer materials is basically adopted [2].
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